ترجمة وتحليل الكلمات عن طريق الذكاء الاصطناعي ChatGPT
في هذه الصفحة يمكنك الحصول على تحليل مفصل لكلمة أو عبارة باستخدام أفضل تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي المتوفرة اليوم:
- كيف يتم استخدام الكلمة في اللغة
- تردد الكلمة
- ما إذا كانت الكلمة تستخدم في كثير من الأحيان في اللغة المنطوقة أو المكتوبة
- خيارات الترجمة إلى الروسية أو الإسبانية، على التوالي
- أمثلة على استخدام الكلمة (عدة عبارات مع الترجمة)
- أصل الكلمة
GMSK - ترجمة إلى الروسية
![Power spectral densities of MSK and GMSK. Note that the decreasing of time-bandwidth <math>BT</math> negatively influences bit-error-rate performance due to increasing [[intersymbol interference]].<ref>Haykin, S., 2001. Communication Systems, John Wiley&Sons. Inc. - p. 398</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GMSK PSD.png?width=200 "Power spectral densities of MSK and GMSK. Note that the decreasing of time-bandwidth <math>BT</math> negatively influences bit-error-rate performance due to increasing [[intersymbol interference]].<ref>Haykin, S., 2001. Communication Systems, John Wiley&Sons. Inc. - p. 398</ref>")
![continuous phase]]. Each bit time, the carrier phase changes by ±90°.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pi-by-O-QPSK Gray Coded.svg?width=200 "continuous phase]]. Each bit time, the carrier phase changes by ±90°.")
ويكيبيديا
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s by Collins Radio employees Melvin L. Doelz and Earl T. Heald. Similar to OQPSK, MSK is encoded with bits alternating between quadrature components, with the Q component delayed by half the symbol period.
However, instead of square pulses as OQPSK uses, MSK encodes each bit as a half sinusoid. This results in a constant-modulus signal (constant envelope signal), which reduces problems caused by non-linear distortion. In addition to being viewed as related to OQPSK, MSK can also be viewed as a continuous-phase frequency-shift keyed (CPFSK) signal with a frequency separation of one-half the bit rate.
In MSK the difference between the higher and lower frequency is identical to half the bit rate. Consequently, the waveforms used to represent a 0 and a 1 bit differ by exactly half a carrier period. Thus, the maximum frequency deviation is δ = 0.5 fm where fm is the maximum modulating frequency. As a result, the modulation index m is 0.5. This is the smallest FSK modulation index that can be chosen such that the waveforms for 0 and 1 are orthogonal. A variant of MSK called Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) is used in the GSM mobile phone standard.
